1. Right View (Samyak Ditthi): Understanding the world through the lens of the Four Noble Truths and recognizing the nature of suffering, its cause, and the way to overcome it.
2. Right Intention (Samyak Sankalap: Cultivating thoughts and intentions of non-attachment, goodwill, and harmlessness, moving away from thoughts driven by desire, anger, and cruelty.
3. Right Speech (Samyak Vachan): Speaking truthfully, kindly, and constructively. Avoid lying, gossip, harsh words, and divisive speech.
4. Right Action (Samyak Karama): Acting ethically by abstaining from harmful actions, including killing, stealing, and engaging in inappropriate sexual behaviour. Practicing compassion and kindness.
5. Right Livelihood (Samyak Ajiva): Earning a living in a way that does not harm others, avoiding occupations that involve exploitation, deceit, or harm to sentient beings.
6. Right Effort (Samyak Yatan): Making a persistent effort to abandon negative mental states like ill-will and desire while fostering positive states such as compassion, patience, and mindfulness.
7. Right Mindfulness (Samma Buddhi): Maintaining awareness and mindfulness of one’s body, feelings, thoughts, and environment. Practising attentiveness to the present moment and self-awareness.
8. Right Concentration (Samma Samadhi): Developing deep mental focus through meditation, leading to the calm and clarity needed for wisdom and insight. This includes practices like Dhyana (meditative absorption).
Summary:
The Four Noble Truths outline the nature of suffering and the possibility of its cessation, while the Eightfold Path provides a practical guide for ethical living, mental discipline, and the cultivation of wisdom to achieve liberation from suffering (Nirvana). Together, they form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy and practice.
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